The Status Quo of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant at Khulna and Its Future Prospective About Biomass Energy (Briquette)
Main Article Content
Abstract
As many developing countries are moving towards increased sanitation coverage, Bangladesh has been striding successfully towards full sanitation coverage with the proper management of fecal sludge city-wide. Following the situation, Khulna City Corporation built a Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) with six units of CW (constructed wetlands) and six units of drying beds in 2017. The main objective of this study is to discuss the current situation of Khulna FSTP based on treatment efficiency and its future perspective on biomass energy (briquette). In Khulna FSTP, the collected fecal sludge from septic tanks and pits is treated, and finally, its effluent is discharged into the environment, satisfying the disposal standards. The removal efficiency of final effluent for Biochemical Oxygen Demands (BOD5) and Total Solids was found to vary between 97.8% - 97% and 98% - 93% in the previous year to the present, respectively. Total Suspended Solis and Fecal Coliform never exceeded the allowable limit 100gm/L and 1000 N/100ml in final effluent. Furthermore, dried sludge is used as handmade processing biomass energy (briquette) without further treatment, which has some procedural problems such as loose compaction and pathogenic contamination.
Article Details
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY-4.0).
References
FSM Survey, 2014. Draft report on baseline study on fecal sludge management of residential premises, SNV and Khulna University, Bangladesh.
Fatima Naznin, 2017. Performance Evaluation of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant at Khulna City and Proposal for Sustainable Development, M.Sc. Thesis paper,KUET,Bangladesh.
Kaur, A., Kumar, A., Singh, P., & Kundu, K., 2017. Production, Analysis and Optimization of Low Cost Briquettes from Biomass Residues. Advances in Research, 12(4), 1-10.
KCC, 2022. Basic Statistics of Kulna City Corporation, Official Website of KCC. Available at: http://www.khulnacity.org/Content/index.php?pid=30&id=32&page=About_KCC (accessed on August 2022).
Onabanjo T., K. Patchigolla, S.T. Wagland, B. Fidalgo, A. Kolios, E. McAdam, A. Parker, L. Williams, S. Tyrrel, E. Cartmell, 2016. Energy recovery from human faeces viagasification: A thermodynamic equilibrium modelling ap-proach.
Opel, A., 2011. Landscape Analysis and Business Model Assessment in Faecal Sludge Management: Extraction and Transportation Models in Bangladesh, Water Aid Bangladesh.
SNV, 2018; Urban Sanitation in Bangladesh - Component 4: Treatment, disposal, and reuse; Available at: http: //www.snv.org/update/urban-sanitation-bangladesh-component-4-treatment-disposal-and-reuse (Accessed on 20 June 2022).
Strauss, M., Larmie, S.S., Heinss, U. and Montangero, A., 2000. Treating Faecal Sludges in Ponds. Water Science & Technology 42(10), p.283–290.
Tilley, E.; Ulrich, L.; Luethi, C.; Reymond, P.; and Zurbruegg, C., 2014. “Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies.” 2nd Revised Edition. Eawag, Duebendorf, Switzerland.
United Nations, 2019. Sustainable Development Goals and Beyond, 2019. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org.
UNICEF & WHO, 2019. Progress on household drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene 2000-2017. Special focus on inequalities. New York: United Nations Children‟s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO), 2019.
WHO/UNICEF, 2015 Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation Update 2015. Available at: www.unicef.org/m dia/files/JMP_2015_Update.pdf (Accessed on 2 June 2023).
SVRS Report, 2016, Report on Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics 2016. Available at: https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/d fault/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/6a40a397_6ef7_48a3_80b3_78b8d1223e3f/SVRS_REPORT_2016.pdf (Accessed: 29 June 2023.