The Feasibility of RCA Treatments Utilised in Asphalt Mixtures to Enhance their Properties and Performance: Narrative Review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) can be utilised instead of virgin aggregates to produce hot asphalt mixtures. This contributes to solving the difficulty of construction waste disposal and mitigates the supply-demand dilemma associated with implementing the sustainability strategy. Nevertheless, the presence of cement mortar in the recycled concrete aggregate leads to changes in its mechanical and physical characteristics, posing a major challenge. Therefore, researchers investigated methods to mitigate the harm caused by this cement mortar through various treatments. This paper offers a narrative review of the feasibility of employing several treatments or techniques on recycled concrete aggregates to enhance the susceptibility of asphalt mixtures to fatigue, water damage, permanent deformation, and Marshall properties. Several treatments have been discussed, such as heating, coating, mechanical treatment, immersing RCA in chemical solutions, and the composite method. This review concludes that mechanical treatment is the most practical and effective, making it the most likely to succeed in practical application.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY-4.0).
References
N. Albayati and M. Q. Ismael, "Influence of carbon fibers on the rutting susceptibility of sustainable HMA mixtures with untreated recycled concrete aggregates," Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 123–141, 2024.
N. Albayati and M. Q. Ismael, "Effect of carbon fibers (length, dosage) on the Marshall and volumetric properties of HMA mixtures," AiBi Revista de Investigación, Administración e Ingeniería, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 71–80, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15649/2346030X.3243.
S. A. Ahmad, A. J. Nimat, and H. F. Mahmood, "Effect of Different Types and Ratio of Fibers on the Tensile Strength of Reinforced Foam Concrete: A Review," Emerging Technologies and Engineering Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 72 - 83, 2024. https://doi.org/10.53898/etej2024125
M. Q. Ismael, H. H. Joni, and M. Y. Fattah, "Neural network modeling of rutting performance for sustainable asphalt mixtures modified by industrial waste alumina," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 14, no. 5, 101972, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101972.
H. H. Nazal and M. Q. Ismael, "Evaluation of the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures containing demolished concrete waste materials," Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 845–855, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091293.
S. Gao, J. Guo, Y. Gong, S. Ban, and A. Liu, "Study on the penetration and diffusion of chloride ions in the interface transition zone of recycled concrete prepared by modified recycled coarse aggregates," Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 16, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01034.
M. Shmlls, M. Abed, T. Horvath, and D. Bozsaky, "Multicriteria based optimisation of second generation recycled aggregate concrete," Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 17, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01447.
P. Visintin, T. Xie, and B. Bennett, "A large-scale life-cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete: The influence of functional unit, emissions allocation, and carbon dioxide uptake," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 248, 119243, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119243.
S. Han, S. Zhao, D. Lu, and D. Wang, "Performance improvement of recycled concrete aggregates and their potential applications in infrastructure: A review," Buildings, vol. 13, no. 6, 1411, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061411.
X. Xu, Y. Luo, A. Sreeram, Q. Wu, G. Chen, S. Cheng, and X. Chen, "Potential use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for sustainable asphalt pavements of the future: A state-of-the-art review," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 344, 130893, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130893.
E. Covilla-Varela, E. Turbay, R. Polo-Mendoza, G. Martínez-Arguelles, and J. Cantero-Durango, "Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA)-based asphalt mixtures: A performance-related evaluation with sustainability criteria verification," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 403, 133203, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133203.
A. Ossa, J. L. García, and E. Botero, "Use of recycled construction and demolition waste (CDW) aggregates: A sustainable alternative for the pavement construction industry," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 135, pp. 379–386, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.088.
C. M. Nwakaire, C. C. Onn, S. P. Yap, C. W. Yuen, S. Koting, K. H. Mo, and F. Othman, "The strength and environmental performance of asphalt mixtures with recycled concrete aggregates," Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 100, 103065, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103065.
K. Sapkota, E. Yaghoubi, P. L. P. Wasantha, R. Van Staden, and S. Fragomeni, "Mechanical characteristics and durability of HMA made of recycled aggregates," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 6, 5594, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065594.
W. Shaopeng, Z. Jinjun, Z. Jiqing, and W. Dongming, "Influence of demolition waste used as recycled aggregate on performance of asphalt mixture," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 679–688, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2013.779304.
C. Nwakaire, S. Yap, and C. Yuen, "Laboratory study on recycled concrete aggregate-based asphalt mixtures for sustainable flexible pavement surfacing," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 262, 121462, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121462.
J. S. Motter, L. F. R. Miranda, and L. L. B. Bernucci, "Performance of hot mix asphalt concrete produced with coarse recycled concrete aggregate," Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 27, no. 11, 04015030, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001284.
R. Polo-Mendoza, G. Martínez-Arguelles, and R. Peñabaena-Niebles, "Environmental optimisation of warm mix asphalt (WMA) design with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) inclusion through artificial intelligence (AI) techniques," Results in Engineering, vol. 17, 100984, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.100984.
D. L. V. Araujo, J. Santos, and G. Martínez-Arguelles, "Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements," International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 24, no. 2, 2064999, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2022.2064999.
F. C. G. Martinho, L. G. Picado-Santos, and S. D. Capitão, "Influence of recycled concrete and steel slag aggregates on warm-mix asphalt properties," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 185, pp. 684–696, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.041.
G. Martínez-Arguelles, M. D. Coll, L. G. F. Pumarejo, E. H. S. Cotte, H. Rondon, C. A. Pacheco, and R. G. L. Espi-noza, "Characterisation of recycled concrete aggregate as potential replacement of natural aggregate in asphalt pavement," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 471, 102045, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/471/10/102045.
J. Santos, A. Pham, P. Stasinopoulos, and F. Giustozzi, "Recycling waste plastics in roads: A life-cycle assessment study using primary data.
A. A. Milad, A. S. B. Ali, and N. I. M. Yusoff, "A review of the utilisation of recycled waste material as an alterna-tive modifier in asphalt mixtures," Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 6, pp. 42-60, 2020. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-SP(EMCE)-05.
K. Hu, J. Zhou, S. Han, Y. Chen, W. Zhang, and C. Fan, "Silane coupling agent enhances recycle aggregate/asphalt interfacial properties: An experimental and molecular dynamics study," Materials Today Communications, vol. 39, 108681, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108681.
E. O. Fanijo, J. T. Kolawole, A. J. Babafemi, and J. Liu, "A comprehensive review on the use of recycled concrete aggregate for pavement construction: Properties, performance, and sustainability," Cleaner Materials, 100199, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100199.
N. K. Bui, T. Satomi, and H. Takahashi, "Improvement of mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete based on a new combination method between recycled aggregate and natural aggregate," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 148, pp. 376-385, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.084.
A. Gedik, "A review on the evaluation of the potential utilisation of construction and demolition waste in hot mix asphalt pavements," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 161, 104956, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104956.
S. Ismail and M. Ramli, "Engineering properties of treated recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for structural ap-plications," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 44, pp. 464-476, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.014.
P. Saravanakumar, K. Abhiram, and B. Manoj, "Properties of treated recycled aggregates and its influence on concrete strength characteristics," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 111, pp. 611-617, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.064.
K. Pandurangan, A. Dayanithy, and S. O. Prakash, "Influence of treatment methods on the bond strength of recy-cled aggregate concrete," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 120, pp. 212-221, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.093.
S. Kanoungo, U. Sharma, and S. K. Singh, "Assessment of treatment methods of recycled aggregates for utilisation in flexible pavements," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 43, pp. 1320-1324, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.119.
B. Lei, Q. Xiong, Z. Tang, Z. Yao, and J. Jiang, "Effect of recycled aggregate modification on the properties of permeable asphalt concrete," Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 17, 10495, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710495.
G. I. S. Eldeen, F. M. Jakarni, A. A. Al-Attar, R. Muniandy, and S. Hassim, "Improve Recycled Concrete Aggregate properties in Order to Use It in Paving Application as Aggregate," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1075, no. 1, pp. 012033, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1075/1/012033.
B. J. Abass and A. H. Albayati, "Influence of recycled concrete aggregate treatment methods on performance of sustainable warm mix asphalt," Cogent Engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, 1718822, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1718822.
N. K. Al-Bayati and M. Q. Ismael, "Rutting Prediction of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Treated and Untreated Re-cycled Concrete Aggregate," Journal of Engineering, vol. 30, no. 02, pp. 105-117, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.02.07.
A. Kavussi, M. Bayzidi, and F. Kazemian, "Moisture Susceptibility and Fracture Resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Treated Recycled Concrete Aggregate," Modares Civil Engineering journal, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 7-19, 2023.
H. Ogawa and T. Nawa, "Improving the quality of recycled fine aggregate by selective removal of brittle defects," Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 395-410, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.10.395.
N. K. Al-Bayati and M. Q. Ismael, "Effect of differently treated recycled concrete aggregates on Marshall proper-ties and cost-benefit of asphalt mixtures," Sustainable Engineering and Innovation, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 127-140, 2023. https://doi.org/10.37868/sei.v5i2.id201.
J. G. Bastidas-Martínez, H. A. Rondón-Quintana, and C. A. Zafra-Mejía, "Study of hot mix asphalt containing re-cycled concrete aggregates that were mechanically treated with a Los Angeles machine," International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 226-243.
M. J. Chen and Y. D. Wong, "Porous asphalt mixture with 100% recycled concrete aggregate," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 921-932, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2013.837839.
S. Wu, J. Zhong, J. Zhu, and D. Wang, "Influence of demolition waste used as recycled aggregate on performance of asphalt mixture," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 679-688, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2013.779304.
A. R. Pasandín and I. Pérez, "Adhesion of recycled concrete aggregates, demolition debris, and asphalt," Petroleum Science and Technology, vol. 32, no. 21, pp. 2584-2591, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2013.856444.
C. H. Lee, J. C. Du, and D. H. Shen, "Evaluation of pre-coated recycled concrete aggregate for hot mix asphalt," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 66-71, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.025.
A. I. Kareem, H. Nikraz, and H. Asadi, "Evaluation of the double coated recycled concrete aggregates for hot mix asphalt," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 172, pp. 544-552, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.158.
J. Ma, D. Sun, Q. Pang, G. Sun, M. Hu, and T. Lu, "Potential of recycled concrete aggregate pretreated with waste cooking oil residue for hot mix asphalt," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 221, pp. 469-479, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.256.
A. Azarhoosh, M. Koohmishi, and F. Moghadas Nejad, "Evaluation of fatigue cracking of hot-mix asphalts con-taining recycled concrete aggregates coated with waste plastic bottles using thermodynamic parameters," The Journal of Adhesion, vol. 98, no. 8, pp. 1076-1096, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2021.1875826.
J. P. Giri, M. Panda, and U. C. Sahoo, "Performance of bituminous mixes containing treated recycled concrete aggregates and modified by waste polyethylene," Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 30, no. 8, 0402384, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002384.
V. Abreu, L. Evangelista, and J. De Brito, "The effect of multi-recycling on the mechanical performance of coarse recycled aggregates concrete," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 188, pp. 480-489, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.178.
M. Yunusa, X. Zhang, P. Cui, and X. Tian, "Durability of recycled concrete aggregates prepared with mechano-chemical and thermal treatment," Materials, vol. 15, no. 16, 5792, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165792.
H. K. A. Al-Bayati and S. Tighe, "Investigation of treated CRCA in HMA mixtures through evaluating low temperature cracking," in 7th International Materials Specialty Conference, pp. 264-273, 2018.
H. K. A. Al-Bayati, S. L. Tighe, and J. Achebe, "Influence of recycled concrete aggregate on volumetric properties of hot mix asphalt," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 130, pp. 200-214, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.11.027.
H. K. A. Al-Bayati and S. L. Tighe, "Effect of recycled concrete aggregate on rutting and stiffness characteristics of asphalt mixture," Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 31, no. 10, 04019219, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002810.
J. Zhu, S. Wu, J. Zhong, and D. Wang, "Investigation of asphalt mixture containing demolition waste obtained from earthquake-damaged buildings," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 29, pp. 466-475, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.09.023.
A. R. Rodríguez Pasandín, I. P. Pérez Pérez, and B. Gómez Meijide, "Characterisation of hot-mix asphalt made with recycled concrete aggregates that have been cured for 4 hours in the oven," Advanced Materials Research, vol. 849, pp. 81-87, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.849.81.