Hunger Games Search Algorithm for Transient Response and Stability Enhancement of a Fractional-Order PID-Based Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) System
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Abstract
Due to its larger stability margin, better transient response, and superior robustness to system uncertainties compared to conventional PID controllers, the fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is gaining increasing attention. This paper proposes a FOPID controller optimized using the Hunger Games Search Algorithm (HGSA) to enhance the performance of an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system. The FOPID controller introduces two additional parameters, λ and μ, in addition to the conventional proportional (KP), integral (KI), and derivative (KD) gains, thereby offering greater tuning flexibility and smoother control action. HGSA determines the optimal FOPID gains to improve the AVR system's transient response and stability. Key transient performance metrics, such as overshoot, rising time, and settling time, are used to evaluate effectiveness. The performance of the proposed HGSA-optimized FOPID controller is compared with that of other optimization algorithms reported in recent literature. The results demonstrate that the HGSA-based FOPID controller significantly reduces system overshoot by 7.75% to 57.88%, achieves improved rise time, and yields the lowest fitness function value, indicating better convergence characteristics. These outcomes confirm that HGSA is an effective optimization technique for enhancing transient performance, terminal voltage stability, and robustness of AVR systems.
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