Optimizing Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete with Technogenic Wastes: A Study of AOBT and BFW Effects
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Abstract
The study aimed to develop an optimised composition for non-autoclaved aerated concrete using technogenic wastes and to evaluate their Effect on key physical and mechanical properties. Antimony ore beneficiation tailings (AOBT, 10-30%) and basalt fibre waste (BFW, 0-4%) were varied according to a two-factor central composite design. Tests were conducted for density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and drying shrinkage in accordance with State All-Union Standard procedures. Density ranged from 612 to 740 kg/m³, with the lowest values at 30% AOBT and 2% BFW, due to enhanced gas formation and reduced solid mass. Compressive strength reached 3.8 MPa in the same composition, reflecting a synergistic filler-fibre effect. Thermal conductivity (0.14-0.23 W/m·°C) decreased with increasing AOBT and optimal fibre content, while shrinkage (0.8-2.8 mm/m) was minimised when both components were increased, indicating spatial stabilisation. Regression analysis showed that AOBT primarily affected density and thermal conductivity, and BFW influenced shrinkage. The mixes are designed to comply with the relevant structural-insulating concrete standards for external load-bearing walls in low-rise construction, specifically meeting the requirements for strength class B3.5 as defined by ASTM C90 and ASTM C495. The optimal mix, which achieves a compressive strength of 2.6 to 3.8 MPa, is suitable for load-bearing walls and meets the minimum strength criteria for structural-insulating applications in low-rise buildings, ensuring both adequate mechanical performance and energy efficiency.
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