Development of Smart Wheelchair to Support Hybrid Learning Accessibility in Smart Classes for People with Disabilities
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Abstract
Students with physical disabilities often encounter significant mobility and accessibility challenges in hybrid learning environments, particularly in dynamic classroom settings where conventional wheelchairs lack adaptability and compatibility with hybrid classroom layouts and digital learning activities. This research developed and evaluated a smart wheelchair equipped with sensor-based automated navigation to enhance mobility, independence, and accessibility in hybrid classrooms. The research employed a Research and Development approach using the ADDIE model, integrating prototype development, functional testing, mechanical simulation, and expert validation. The system incorporated a joystick and smartphone-based control, ultrasonic and line sensors for obstacle detection, GPS-assisted positioning, and an auto-parking feature. Mechanical simulation results indicated structural safety with a high safety factor (7.47) and minimal deformation (0.0429 mm). Performance testing demonstrated stable navigation, responsive control with an average latency of 120 ms, and successful auto-parking in 90% of trials. Expert validation involving five specialists showed that the system achieved "highly feasible" ratings across efficiency, durability, aesthetics, precision, and safety indicators. The findings indicate that the proposed smart wheelchair effectively improves independent mobility and supports accessibility in hybrid learning environments. However, further refinement is required to enhance precision and safety performance for broader implementation.
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Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY-4.0).
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